[접속사]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[while / during]
While + ~ing(동명사) : ~ 하는동안
during + 명사
for + 기간
1. ____ under construction, the main lobby will not be accessible to employees except to executives.
(A) while (B) during
2. The staff in the Technical Support Department are advised to comply with the safety rule _____ installing office equipment.
(A) while (B) during
3. ____ on the corporate premises, cars should have a parking permit attached to its rear window.
(A) while (B) during (C) after (D) Regarding
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[until / by VS within / for]
* until + 시점 : ~ 까지 지속 VS by + 시점 : ~까지 완료
* within + 기간: 기간 ~내에 VS for + 기간: 기간 ~ 동안.
1.Any participant registered for this seminar, entitled Effective Global Leadership skills, should make early reservations ______ the date shown on a list of accommodations avaible.
(A) util (B) by (C) within (D) for
2. To be eligible to win the prize offered, your entry must be reviewed ____ the applicable entry deadline stated in this package.
(A) by (B) like (C) until (D) in
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[however]
1. No matter ____ difficult the interview process is, you must answer important questions about yourself and communicate your qualifications to potential employers
(A) extremely (B) where (C) how (D) what
2. _______ inexpensive, most batteries available today will last much longer than those produced a decade ago
(A) Nevertheless (B) However (C) Anyway (D) Yet
답: B
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[관계대명사 / 관계부사]
1. The manager of General Affairs said that we should receive confirmation calls from people to ____ the invitations were sent.
(A) who (B) whom (C) which (D) those
2. With a high quality of life, New Zealand is a great place ____ to live, work and start a business.
(A) which (B) in which (C) wherever (D) what
3. Your letter of Jan 21 _______ you enclosed your payment of $1,5000 has been received.
(A) that (B) which (C) by whom (D) in which
4. Our experienced sales representatives are ready to assit you to determine _____ computer options in order to meet your needs.
(A) that (B) which (C) how (D) where
5. Researchers from a wide range of fields were asked to review ____ the proposed project may entail.
(A) how (B) when (C) which (D) what
6. The education programs ____ plan to implement for both newly hired employees and current employees will focus on the lastest technology and foreign language skills.
(A) our (B) we (C) itsself (D) that
7. Attached is the agenda which outlines serveral important topics ____ plan to discuss at the next general meeting.
(A) our (B) we (C) us (D) ours
8. For ______ hoping to participate in this year's marathonm an application form has been made available online to faciliate quick and easy registration.
(A) those (B) who (C) ones (D) them
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[접속 부사]
1. This wireless lnternet service makes it easier for people to stay productive _____ they are.
(A) whoever (B) wherever (C) whichever (D) whatever
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[examples]
* What was the name of the man who lent you the money?
| * Since 1) 접속사: ~ 때문에, ~이래로. 2) 전치사: ~이래로. |
1. ___ Mr. Suzanne rearrange her schedule, she will try to contact her loyal customers.
(A) If (B) When (C) Should (D) Even if
* 시간 / 조건의 접속사는 현재가 미래를 대신한다.
2. Once Mr. Franklin ______ our antique-styled furniture, he will be able to earn 400 points on our membership card.
(A) have purchased (B) purchased (C) will purchase (D) purchases
3. My. Johnson decided to buy his hockey tickets early _____ he would not have to pay higher prices from ticket scalpers.
(A) in order (B) in case (C) even so (D) so that.
4. 25 visitors each year are invited to tour the LYC factory to see ___ our products are made.
(A) what (B) when (C) how (D) whom
5. We'd like to know ___ they plan to do for next year.
(A) who (B) which (C) that (D) what
답) D
* then의 경우에는 예외적으로 if절 뒤에서 주절을 꾸밀 수 있다.
- If you had known this all along, then you could have told me.
* If + S + V ~의 명사절(~인지 아닌지)는 (1) 주어 자리에 올 수 없으며, (2) 전치사의 목적어로 전치사 뒤에 올 수 없다.
- Wheter(If는 불가능) we succeed is not important.
- I'm confused about wheter(if 불가능) we should invite everyone in the class.
* what은 형용사절(관계사절)이나 부사절을 이끌 수 없으며, 명사절로만 사용가능.
- I'm listening to a CD that(what 불가능) came out last week.
- It was such a lovely day that(what 불가능) it was a pity to get up.
* Unless accompanied by ~, If / When accompanied by~~,
* Unless otherwise stated/insturcted: 다른 업급 / 지시가 없다면, S+V ~
6. When ____ the change as an evolution of standars and expectations, you remain less nervous or apprehensive.
(A) to view (B) viewed (C) viewing (D) view.
7. Once Mr. Franklin ____ our antique-styled furniture, he will be able to earn 400 points on our membership card.
(A) have purchased (B) purchased (C) will purchase (D) purchases.
8. _____ her business trip, sho pointed out some positive effects for thier furture expansion projects.
(A) Describing (B) Described
9. _______ time customers purchase our products, they will earn commensurate points which can be used when they visit us next time.
(A) Every (B) On (C) When (D) In.
(A) If (B) When (C) Should (D) Even if
| should, Mr. Suzanne rearrange(동사의 원형형태이기 때문에) 접속사가 If가 생략되고 조동사가 도치된 구문. |
* 시간 / 조건의 접속사는 현재가 미래를 대신한다.
2. Once Mr. Franklin ______ our antique-styled furniture, he will be able to earn 400 points on our membership card.
(A) have purchased (B) purchased (C) will purchase (D) purchases
| After / Once / When / If등과 같이 시간 / 조건의 접속사는 현재가 미래의 시제를 대신한다. |
3. My. Johnson decided to buy his hockey tickets early _____ he would not have to pay higher prices from ticket scalpers.
(A) in order (B) in case (C) even so (D) so that.
| even so(접속 부사) = however in order(부사구: 순서대로) / in order that + S + V: ~ 하기 위해 답) so that |
4. 25 visitors each year are invited to tour the LYC factory to see ___ our products are made.
(A) what (B) when (C) how (D) whom
| - see + ___ + S + V의 구조로. 첫번째, 타동사 see의 목적어가 위치해야 하는데, 뒷 문장이 S + V로 시작함으로 명사절이 와야한다. <- 모두 가능 두번째, __ 뒷 문장이 완전한 문장(수동태)이기 때문에 관계 대명사인 (A) / (D)는 불가능. 답) how |
5. We'd like to know ___ they plan to do for next year.
(A) who (B) which (C) that (D) what
답) D
* then의 경우에는 예외적으로 if절 뒤에서 주절을 꾸밀 수 있다.
- If you had known this all along, then you could have told me.
* If + S + V ~의 명사절(~인지 아닌지)는 (1) 주어 자리에 올 수 없으며, (2) 전치사의 목적어로 전치사 뒤에 올 수 없다.
- Wheter(If는 불가능) we succeed is not important.
- I'm confused about wheter(if 불가능) we should invite everyone in the class.
* what은 형용사절(관계사절)이나 부사절을 이끌 수 없으며, 명사절로만 사용가능.
- I'm listening to a CD that(what 불가능) came out last week.
- It was such a lovely day that(what 불가능) it was a pity to get up.
* Unless accompanied by ~, If / When accompanied by~~,
* Unless otherwise stated/insturcted: 다른 업급 / 지시가 없다면, S+V ~
| otherwise 1) 접속부사: 만일 ~그렇지 않다면 2) 부사: 달리 / 다르게 / 다른 방법으로 |
6. When ____ the change as an evolution of standars and expectations, you remain less nervous or apprehensive.
(A) to view (B) viewed (C) viewing (D) view.
| 답) viewing. - When (you are) viewing the change~ |
7. Once Mr. Franklin ____ our antique-styled furniture, he will be able to earn 400 points on our membership card.
(A) have purchased (B) purchased (C) will purchase (D) purchases.
| * Once: 일단 ~이기만 하면, 조건절을 나타내는 접속사로써 현재가 미래 시제를 대신한다. After / Once / When |
8. _____ her business trip, sho pointed out some positive effects for thier furture expansion projects.
(A) Describing (B) Described
| * (When she was) describing her business trip. |
9. _______ time customers purchase our products, they will earn commensurate points which can be used when they visit us next time.
(A) Every (B) On (C) When (D) In.
| 1) they ~로 시작되는 완벽한 주절이 있음으로 빈칸은 접속사기 필요. 2) When의 경우 바로 뒤에 time(N) 불가능. * every time = whenever * at the time = when 위의 두 경우 전치사구가 접속사의 기능을 수행한다. |
9. Nick's sudden announcement of resignation was quite shocking yet _________.
(A) understanding (B) understand (C) understands (D) understandable
(A) understanding (B) understand (C) understands (D) understandable
| * challenging yet rewarding: 힘들지만 보람있었다. - yet은 등위 접속사. 때문에 shocking과 동일한 형용사인 (A:이해심 있는) / (D:이해 가능한)중 답) D |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[As]
1. We are pleased to offer you the following goods on the terms and conditions as ______ below.
(A) statement (B) stated (C) stating (D) states
| * as(접속사) 1) ~할 때. 2) ~ 함에 따라. 3) 때문에. 4) ~처럼/ ~듯이 - as discussed / as mentioned / as stated / as plaaned / as scheduled / as proposed(제안된 대로) - as instructed(지시된 대로) / as expected / as anticipaged / as recommended(권고대로) / as noted(표시된 대로) |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[while / during]
While + ~ing(동명사) : ~ 하는동안
during + 명사
for + 기간
1. ____ under construction, the main lobby will not be accessible to employees except to executives.
(A) while (B) during
| * while(접속사) VS during(전치사.) 1) under construction은 전치사구로 형용사의 역할을 한다. 2) during이 오는 경우는 전치사 + 전치사 구조로 문법적으로 불가능하다. 3) while은 접속사 뒤 주어 동사가 생략된 구조로 가능하다. - while (it will be) under construction, ~~ |
2. The staff in the Technical Support Department are advised to comply with the safety rule _____ installing office equipment.
(A) while (B) during
| 1) during은 전치사이지만, 전치사뒤 목적 명사로 동명사를 취할 수 없는 특이한 전치사임. 2) while (they are) installing ~~ |
3. ____ on the corporate premises, cars should have a parking permit attached to its rear window.
(A) while (B) during (C) after (D) Regarding
| 답) A |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[until / by VS within / for]
* until + 시점 : ~ 까지 지속 VS by + 시점 : ~까지 완료
* within + 기간: 기간 ~내에 VS for + 기간: 기간 ~ 동안.
| Please submit the form by the end of this month. Plese return the questionnaire by September 21 at the latest. Please notify your supervisor by 5:00 pm. The whole training course will last until September 21. Our library will remain open until midnight during the mid-term exam. The meeting will be put off until next Thursday. |
1.Any participant registered for this seminar, entitled Effective Global Leadership skills, should make early reservations ______ the date shown on a list of accommodations avaible.
(A) util (B) by (C) within (D) for
| 답) A |
2. To be eligible to win the prize offered, your entry must be reviewed ____ the applicable entry deadline stated in this package.
(A) by (B) like (C) until (D) in
| 답) A |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[however]
1. No matter ____ difficult the interview process is, you must answer important questions about yourself and communicate your qualifications to potential employers
(A) extremely (B) where (C) how (D) what
| * However: 접속 부사(그러나), 접속사(아무리 ~하더라도) 1) S+V;however, S+V ~ <- 접속 부사 2) However + a / ad + (S+V)~, S+V ~ 3) No matter how = however - However busy you are~~ / However much it costs ~~ - You could never imagine how busy your colleague is. - You should know how efficiently your colleague is performing. - However sophisticated this camera seems, I cna handle it. - However har Ms. Katrell worked, she didn't get promoted. - However often they visit the resort in Napa Valley, they never get board. |
2. _______ inexpensive, most batteries available today will last much longer than those produced a decade ago
(A) Nevertheless (B) However (C) Anyway (D) Yet
답: B
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[관계대명사 / 관계부사]
1. The manager of General Affairs said that we should receive confirmation calls from people to ____ the invitations were sent.
(A) who (B) whom (C) which (D) those
| 선행사 : people / 전치사 to의 목적격 whom 이 정답. |
2. With a high quality of life, New Zealand is a great place ____ to live, work and start a business.
(A) which (B) in which (C) wherever (D) what
| a great place라는 선행사가 포함되었기 때문에, wherever / what은 불가능. * 선행사 + 전치사 + 관계대명사 + to R 구조임. ex) a chair on which to sit. a pen with which to write |
3. Your letter of Jan 21 _______ you enclosed your payment of $1,5000 has been received.
(A) that (B) which (C) by whom (D) in which
| - 관계대명사 + 불완전한 문장. - 전치사 + 관계대명사 + 완전한 문장. (답) D |
4. Our experienced sales representatives are ready to assit you to determine _____ computer options in order to meet your needs.
(A) that (B) which (C) how (D) where
| determine + 명사절: determine은 3형식 자동사임으로 명사절 혹은 명사가 필요. 뒷 문장이 불안전함으로 C / D는 불가능. to determine which computer options (you choose). (답) B |
5. Researchers from a wide range of fields were asked to review ____ the proposed project may entail.
(A) how (B) when (C) which (D) what
| - entail: ~를 수반하다(타동사) - 불완전한 문장임으로 접속 부사 A/B는 불가능. - 선행사가 없고, 타동사인 entail의 목적어가 없음으로 선행사를 포함한 관계대명사 what임. |
6. The education programs ____ plan to implement for both newly hired employees and current employees will focus on the lastest technology and foreign language skills.
(A) our (B) we (C) itsself (D) that
| - The ecudation programs (that) we plan to implement for both newly hired employees and current employees ~ |
7. Attached is the agenda which outlines serveral important topics ____ plan to discuss at the next general meeting.
(A) our (B) we (C) us (D) ours
| - ~topics (which) we plan to ~ |
8. For ______ hoping to participate in this year's marathonm an application form has been made available online to faciliate quick and easy registration.
(A) those (B) who (C) ones (D) them
| * "~한 사람들"이라든 의미로 those 사용가능. - them은 인칭대명사로 동명사등의 수식어가 불가능하다. - those가 ~한 사람들로 사용되는 경우 those뒤에 반드시 수식어(관계절, 분사, 전치사구)가 온다. - Those [who are responsible for this crime] will be severely punished. - Those [interested in joining the discussion] need to register in advance. |
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[접속 부사]
1. This wireless lnternet service makes it easier for people to stay productive _____ they are.
(A) whoever (B) wherever (C) whichever (D) whatever
| 사람들이 어디있든 간에, 답) B |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[examples]
* What was the name of the man who lent you the money?
* Anyone who is interested in the job must apply before the Friday.
* Where is the cheese [that / which] was in the refrigerator?
* I don't like stories that have unhappy ending.
* John works for a company that makes washing machine.
* The machine that broke down has now been repaired.
* What happened to the money that was on the table? Did you take it?
* What have you done with the money that I gave you?
관계 대명사가 주어를 의미할 때는 생략이 불가능 하지만, 목적격을 의미할 때는 생략 가능.
* Where is the cheese which was in the refrigerator?(O) => Where is the cheese was in the refrigerator?(X).
* The woman who I want to see was away on vacation. =The woman I want to see was away on vacation.
* Have you found the key that you lost? = Have you found the key you lost?
: Do you know the woman? Tom is talking to her. => Do you know the woman who Tom is talking to?
* The bed I slept in last night wan't very comfortable = The bed which I slept in last night wan'st very comfortable.