English patterns

1. so that

1) so that ... won't / wouldn't : When the purpose is negative.

- I hurried so that I wouldn't be late. Leave early so that you won't miss the bus.

2) so that ... can / could : 

- She's learning English so that she can study in Canada.

- We moved to the city so that we could visit our friends more often.

3) when one person does something so that another person does something else:

- I gave her my phone number so that she could contact me.

- He wore glasses and a fake beard so that nobody would recognize him.

2. As if ~ : to say how somebody / something looks / sounds / feels etc (=As though / like)

- That house looks as if it's going to fall down.

- Nick sounds as if he has a cold, doesn't he? = Nick sounds like he has a cold. = Nick sounds as though he has a cold.

- It smells as if someone has been smoking in here.

- Do you hear that music next door. It sounds like they're having a party.

- When I told them my plan, they looked at me as if I was crazy.

3. It's hard / easy / difficult / impossible / dangerous / safe / expensive / cheap / nice / interesting 

- Mr Shin doesn't speak clearly. So It's hard to understand him. OR So He is hard to understand.

- Do you think it's a safe to drink this water? OR Do you think this water is safe to drink?

- Your handwriting is awful. It's impossible to read it. OR Your handwriting is impossible to read.

- I like spending time with my sun. It's very interesting to talk to him. OR My sun is very interesting to talk to. 

* This is very difficult question to answer.

* I couldn't answer the question. = It was difficult to answer the question. The question was difficult to answer. It was a difficult question to answer.

* Everybody makes that mistake. = It is easy to make that mistake. That mistake is easy to make. It's an easy mistake to make.

* I like living in this place. It's nice to live the place. The place is nice to live. It's a nice place to live.

* We enjoyed watching the game. It was good to watch the game. It was a good game to watch. The game was good to watch.

4. The first (person / one) to .. / The only (person / one) to / The next (person / one) to / The last (person / one) to ..

- If you have any more news, you will be the first to know.

- The next plane to arrive at gate 4 will be Flight 268 from Seoul.

- Every body was late except me. I was the only one to arrive on time.

1) if need(s) be  = if it is necessary: 필요하면...
- If need be, I'll stay  up all night.  / I'll work all night, If need be. 
- There are all foods in the freezer if need be. 

2) make changes to~ : ~에 변화를 만들다.
ex)  To make changes to an existing reservation, please press two. 

3) with + 명사 + 현재 분사(~ing) : N가 ~하는 가운데 / ~함에 따라 / ~해서
- With July approaching, we need to set up this year's summer vacation schedule.
: with + 명사 + 과거 분사(~ed): N가 ~ 되어서 / ~된 채
- We are born with eyes closed.
: with + 명사 + 형용사|부사구: ~ 한 채로 / ~ 되어서
- Don't speak with your mouth full.

4) In fact VS As a matter of fact
- in (actual) fact: 사실은[실은](방금 한 말에 대해 자세한 내용을 덧붙일 때 씀)
- As a matter of fact 

(1). 사실은(무슨 말을 한 뒤에 보통 상대방이 흥미로워 할 것 같은 말을 덧붙일 때 씀)  It's a nice place. We've stayed there ourselves, as a matter of fact. (거긴 괜찮은 곳이에요. 사실은 우리가 직접 거기에서 지내 봤어요.)

(2).사실은(남이 방금 한 말에 대해 반대 의견을 제시할 때 씀)                   ‘I suppose you'll be leaving soon, then?' ‘No, as a matter of fact I'll be staying for another two years.' “그럼 당신은 곧 떠나시겠군요?” “아니에요. 사실은 2년 더 있을 거예요.” 

5. try to do : attempt to do, make an effort to do...

- I was very tired. I tried to keep my eyes open, but I couldn't.

- Please try to be quiet when you come home. Everyone will be asleep.

- We couldn't find anywhere to stay. We tired every hotel in town, but they were all full.

= We went to every hotel to see if they had a room.

* I tried to move the table, but it was too heavy. (=So I couldn't move it)

* I didn't like the way the furniture was arranged, So I tried moving the table to the other side of the room. But it still didn't look right, so I moved it back again.

6. need to do(it's necessary for me to do it), need to be done(something needs to be do something), need doing(=need to be done)

- I need to get more exercise.

- He needs to work hard if he wants to make progress.

- The batteries in the radio need to be changed. (= The batteries in the radio needs changing).

- Do you think my jacket needs to be washed?

- The tire needs changing.

7. help to do / help do

- Everybody helped to clean up after the party. = Everybody helped clean up after the party.

- Can you help me to move the table? = Can you help me move the table?

* can't / couldn't hep doing something = I can't stop myself from doing it: ~하지 않을 수 없다.

- I don't like him, but he has a lot of problems. I can't help feeling sorry for him.

- She tired to be serious, but she couldn't help laughing. (=She couldn't stop herself form laughing).

- I'm sorry I'm so nervous. I can't help it.

8. Adjectives -ing & ed

- The movie was disappointing VS we were disappointed this film

- She enjoys he job, but it's often exhausting VS At the end of a day's work, She is often exhausted

- This weather is depressing. VS This weather makes me depressed

- It'll be an exciting experience for her VS Going to new places is always exciting VS She is really excited about going to Mexico.